Engineering Glossary: O

26 definitions in plain language.

26 terms beginning with O. Use the filter to narrow the list, or the letters to jump to another part of the glossary.

26 terms
Offset voltage #
The small input voltage difference that an amplifier needs to give zero output. Electronics
Ohm #
The SI unit of resistance: one volt per ampere. Electrical power and machines
Ohm's law #
Voltage equals current times resistance: V = I R. Electrical power and machines
OPC UA #
An open standard for secure data exchange between industrial devices and software. Automation, controls and robotics
Open collector #
An output that can pull a line low but not drive it high, needing a pull-up resistor. Electronics
Open-loop control #
Control that does not use feedback; the controller sends a command without checking the result. Automation, controls and robotics
Open source #
Software whose source code is freely available to use, study and change. Programming, data and computing
Operating point #
The flow and head where the pump curve crosses the system curve. Fluids, heat and thermodynamics
Operating system #
The software that manages a computer's hardware and runs programs. Programming, data and computing
Operational amplifier #
A high-gain voltage amplifier with differential inputs, used with feedback to build many circuits. Also called an op-amp. Electronics Read more: Op-amps and Integrated Circuits
Optocoupler #
A device that passes a signal between circuits using light, giving electrical isolation. Also called an optoisolator. Electronics
Order of magnitude #
A rough size of a number expressed as a power of ten. Math, units, quality and workshop
Orifice plate #
A plate with a hole placed in a pipe; the pressure drop across it measures flow. Fluids, heat and thermodynamics Read more: Flow Measurement
O-ring #
A rubber ring of round cross-section that seals by being squeezed in a groove. Math, units, quality and workshop Read more: O-Ring Cross-Sections and Groove Depths
Oscilloscope #
An instrument that displays how a voltage changes over time. Electronics Read more: Design, Testing and Troubleshooting
OSHA #
The US Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Math, units, quality and workshop
Otto cycle #
The idealized cycle of a spark-ignition engine. Fluids, heat and thermodynamics
Outlier #
A data point that lies far from the others and may be an error or a real extreme event. Programming, data and computing
Overcurrent #
Current above the rating of a conductor or equipment, caused by an overload or short circuit. Electrical power and machines
Overfitting #
When a model learns the noise in the training data and does poorly on new data. Programming, data and computing
Overflow #
A result too large to fit in the data type that holds it. Programming, data and computing
Overhang #
Part of a 3D print that extends beyond the layer below and may need support. Materials, manufacturing and measurement
Overload #
A current above the rated value that lasts long enough to heat a conductor or motor dangerously. Electrical power and machines
Overshoot #
The amount by which a signal goes past its final value before settling. Electronics
Overshoot (control) #
How far the response goes past the setpoint, as a percentage. Automation, controls and robotics
Over-the-air update #
Updating a device's firmware through a wireless link. Also called OTA. Programming, data and computing

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