Reference Tables
Free engineering data tables with worked examples and sources.
Free reference tables for engineers, makers and students: threads, bolts and keys, steel sections and bar, metal grades, air, gas and liquid properties, pipe data, heat and electrical tables, physical constants and more. Every table is complete on the page, easy to filter and sort, and comes with a short guide to using it, a worked example and its source.
Fasteners and threads
Metric Thread Table (Coarse)M1 to M48: pitch, tap drill, pitch and minor diameters, and tensile stress area.22 rowsMetric Fine Thread TableCommon fine pitches from M8 to M48 with diameters, tap drills and stress area.16 rowsUnified Inch Thread Table (UNC and UNF)#4 to 1 inch: threads per inch, diameters, stress area and tap drill.28 rowsInch Fraction to Decimal and Millimeter ChartEvery 1/64 inch from 1/64 to 1 inch in decimal inches and millimeters.64 rowsBolt Strength Grades and Property ClassesISO 898-1 classes 4.6 to 12.9 and SAE grades 2, 5 and 8 with proof, yield and tensile strength in MPa and ksi.16 rowsEstimated Bolt Tightening Torque (Metric)Preload and dry or lubricated torque for classes 8.8, 10.9 and 12.9, M5 to M36.11 rowsMetric Hex Bolt, Nut and Washer DimensionsM3 to M36: wrench flats, head height, nut thickness and washer sizes.13 rowsSocket Head Cap Screw DimensionsM3 to M36: head diameter, head height, hex key size and counterbore sizes.13 rowsMetric Bolt Clearance Hole SizesFine, medium and coarse through holes for M3 to M36, with the tap drill.13 rowsHex Bolt Wrench Size ChartAcross-flats sizes for metric and inch bolts in millimeters and inches.23 rows
Steel sections and bar
European I-Beam and H-Beam Sections (IPE, HEA, HEB)Dimensions, area, mass, second moments and section moduli of 40 rolled sections.40 rowsRound Steel Tube (CHS) Section PropertiesMass, area, second moment and section modulus of 12 standard tube sizes.12 rowsSquare Hollow Section (SHS) PropertiesMass, area, second moment and section modulus of 17 square tubes.17 rowsSteel Bar Weight per MeterRound, square and hexagon steel and round aluminum bar from 5 to 100 mm.17 rowsRebar Sizes (ASTM and Metric)US bar numbers #3 to #18 and metric 6 to 40 mm with diameter, area and mass.20 rows
Materials and mechanical parts
Material Properties TableDensity, stiffness, strength, expansion and conductivity of 24 metals and plastics, sortable, in metric or US units.24 rowsSteel Grade Cross ReferenceAISI/SAE, UNS, EN and JIS equivalents of 21 common steels.21 rowsAluminum Alloys and TempersNine common alloys with strength, weldability and typical uses.9 rowsStainless Steel GradesTen grades with composition, minimum strength, magnetism and corrosion resistance.10 rowsMetric Parallel Keys and KeywaysKey and keyway sizes for shafts 6 to 130 mm (ISO 773).16 rowsInch Square Keys and KeyseatsSquare key sizes by shaft diameter, 5/16 to 4-1/2 in (ANSI B17.1).11 rowsO-Ring Cross-Sections and Groove DepthsAS568 series and metric cross-sections with groove depth ranges.20 rowsDeep-Groove Ball Bearing DimensionsBore, outside diameter and width for the 60, 62 and 63 series.35 rowsSheet Steel Gauge ChartGauge 3 to 30 with thickness in inches and millimeters and mass per area.28 rows
Fluids, pipes and air
Properties of Air vs TemperatureDensity, viscosity, specific heat, conductivity and Prandtl number from -20 to 400 C.12 rowsProperties of Common GasesMolar mass, gas constant, density, viscosity and speed of sound of nine gases.9 rowsProperties of Common LiquidsDensity, viscosity, specific heat and conductivity of ten liquids at 20 C.10 rowsPipe Roughness ValuesAbsolute roughness of common pipe materials with relative roughness.10 rowsFitting and Valve Loss Coefficients (K Factors)Typical K and equivalent length for 17 fittings and valves.17 rowsSteel Pipe Sizes (NPS and DN, Schedule 40 and 80)Outside and inside diameter, wall, flow area and mass per meter for NPS 1/2 to 12.28 rowsWater Properties vs TemperatureDensity, viscosity, specific heat, conductivity and vapor pressure from 0 to 100 C.11 rowsStandard Atmosphere Table (ISA)Temperature, pressure, density and speed of sound from sea level to 20 km.21 rows
Heat and energy
Thermal Conductivity of MaterialsConductivity, density, specific heat and diffusivity of 20 materials.20 rowsEmissivity of Common SurfacesTotal emissivity of 18 surfaces with emitted radiation at 100 C.18 rows
Electrical and electronics
Motor Full-Load Current (Three-Phase)Full-load amps for 1/2 to 100 hp at 208, 230, 460 and 575 V.18 rowsStandard Breaker and Fuse SizesStandard ampere ratings with the 80 percent continuous-load rule.37 rowsIP Ratings ExplainedWhat each digit of an IP code means for solids, dust and water.17 rowsAWG Wire Gauge TableAWG 0000 to 40: diameter, area, copper resistance and mass.44 rowsResistivity of Metals and AlloysResistivity, conductivity, temperature coefficient and percent IACS for 15 materials.15 rowsE-Series Preferred Values (E6, E12, E24, E96)Standard resistor and capacitor values with their ideal positions and tolerances.138 rows
Computing and general
Physical ConstantsExact and measured values of c, h, e, k, N_A, G, R and more (CODATA 2018).18 rowsGreek Alphabet in EngineeringThe 24 letters with upper and lower case and the symbols they usually stand for.24 rowsASCII TableAll 128 characters in decimal, hex, binary and octal.128 rowsSI Prefixes (Quetta to Quecto)Every metric prefix with its symbol, power of ten and multiplier.24 rows
Download the tables
Reading the tables on the page is always free. Members can download each one as a CSV or Excel file from the Downloads page, along with printable formula sheets.